FAIL (the browser should render some flash content, not this). The Green revolution technologies involving greater use of synthetic agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides with adoption of nutrient- responsive, high- yielding varieties of crops have boosted the production output per hectare in most of the cases. However, this increase in production has slowed down and in some cases there are indications of decline in growth of productivity and production. Priorities in agriculture research are gradually moving from a focus on individual crop performance to a total system productivity with due attention on product quality and environment safety. Environmental and health problems associated with agriculture have been increasingly well documented, but it is only recently that the scale of the costs have attracted the attention of planners and scientists. India will be the world’s most populous country of more than 1.4 Billion people by the mid-twenty first century. In this context, agriculture and food security are the most important concerns of the 21st century. With the greying of green revolution, the Punjab agriculture as well as overall Indian agriculture is in crises. Already out of 138 zones in Punjab, 103 zones have been declared as dark zones. Dr K.S. Aulakh, says future projections are that by 2010 entire central Punjab will have a water table below 16 metre depth. Since the ground water in south-west Punjab is brackish and only a thin layer of sweet water floats over the saline sub-soil water, only employment of multiple ‘’skimming’’ technologies could help solve the problem of irrigation and that, too, at a huge additional cost. As a consequence of alarming fall in the water table, farmers have already replaced more than one lakh tubewells and around 3.9 lakh centrifugal pumps will have to be substituted with submersible pumps at a substantial price in the next few years, which will be back-breaking for farmers as also mean at least three times higher energy consumption Organic agriculture: Its relevance to Indian farming Organic farming is not new to Indian farming community. Several forms of organic farming are being successfully practiced in diverse climate, particularly in rainfed, tribal, mountains and hill areas of the country. Much of the forest produce of economic importance like herbs, medicinal plants, etc., by default come under this category. Among all farming systems, organic farming is gaining wide attention among farmers, entrepreneurs, policy makers and agricultural scientists for varied reasons such as it minimizes the dependence on chemical inputs (fertilizers; pesticides; herbicides and other agro-chemicals) thus safeguards/improves quality of resources, and environment it is labour intensive and provides an opportunity to increase rural employment and achieve long term improvements in the quality of resource base. ORGANIC FARMING: AN INTRODUCTION In view of rapidly changing global climate conditions resulting from the use of chemicals and synthetics, the importance of adopting strategies to not only provide nutritious food to the masses, but also to save the fast depleting natural resources for posterity. It is high time we made concerted efforts to educate policymakers, planners, scientists & research scholars as well as small and marginal farmers about the advantages of the traditional Indian agrarian system. A comparative study was made on Crop production [Costs and returns] of 20 wheat growing farms practicing organic and chemical farming. Most of the farmers were big farmers (possessing more than 10 acres) and were practicing organic as well as chemical farming on different pieces of land. 6 farmers were only practicing organic farming. Both the groups had comparable economic returns, although farmers practicing chemical farming had higher production yields but higher production costs as well. But it was found that organic farming was much more profitable and environmentally beneficial and sustainable compared to chemical farming. This study was sponsored and supported by "KHETI-VIRAST" a NGO working on environmental issues and sustainable agriculture in the state of Punjab. Organic Farming is a vast concept in which farmers do not use any type of chemicals and pesticides. Organic farming can be practiced in several ways where different types of nature based manures are used. The main objective of the study was to understand and calculate various costs involved in such different practices and document it. The study was directed towards investigating Cost-Benefits of Organic Farming to Chemical Farming.In collaboration with NABHA FOUNDATION,a network of 50 small and medium farmers has been formed who are being trained in organic farming technique. There were many exploratory discussions held with farmers engaged in organic farming. Most of the study was done in the Nabha Block of Patiala. Data was also collected from the farms in Bathinda, Nakodar, Sangrur and Ropar Districts where Organic Farming is practiced. It gave a wider picture of Organic farming in Punjab In the past few years, there has been increasing concern over certain problems associated with the use of inorganic fertilizers and chemical pesticides, such as their potential environmental impact (especially on the fertility of soil and health of human being) and the fact that they require appreciable quantities of water and energy. Recent price and supply problems in natural gas, a key input in natural gas, a key input in the agri-chemical industry, have raised doubts whether we should continue on dependable supplies of these materials.